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Eunice Pinney
Eunice (Griswold Holcombe) Pinney (9 February 1770‒1825) was an American folk artist active in the towns of Windsor and Simsbury, Connecticut.〔Meyer, George H., ed., with George H. Meyer, Jr. and Katherine P. White (1987). Folk Artists Biographical Index (1st ed.). Detroit: Gale Research Co., p. 206.〕 According to art historian Jean Lipman, a specialist of American folk painting, Pinney and her contemporary Mary Ann Willson are considered two of the earliest American painters to work in the medium of watercolor.〔New York, Harry Stone Gallery. ''Miss Willson's Watercolors, 1800-1825'' (). Comp. Jean Lipman. February 3 - March 11, 1944, n.p〕
==Life==
Pinney was a well-educated woman from an influential Connecticut family.〔Lipman, Jean. ''American Primitive Painting''. London: Oxford University Press, 1942, p. 97.〕 She was a descendant of Matthew Griswold, who emigrated from Kenilworth, England, to Windsor, Connecticut, in 1639 and became an active participant in the political affairs of the Colony. The marriage of Eunice's parents, Simsbury natives Eunice Viets and Elisha Griswold, reportedly "brought together two of the most considerable families and estates in the town."〔Lipman, Jean, and Alice Winchester (1950). ''Primitive Painters in America 1750-1950: An Anthology''. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, p. 22.〕 Eunice was the fifth of the couple's eight surviving children. Her brother (the couple's second child) was Alexander Viets Griswold, who became the first and only Episcopal bishop of the Eastern States Diocese.〔Black, Mary, and Jean Lipman (1966). ''American Folk Painting''. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc./Publisher, p. 98.〕 His biography, ''A Memoir of the Life of Bishop Griswold'' published in 1844, offers crucial information about Eunice and her family. According to the author, John S. Stone, D.D., Eunice was "a woman of uncommonly extensive reading" and was "zealously instrumental" in the organization and maintenance of her local Episcopal church.〔Lipman and Winchester, 1950, p. 24.〕
Eunice married Oliver Holcombe of Granby (born 1769) in approximately 1790. Holcombe died young, in his twenties: he drowned when attempting to ford a stream during a trip to Ohio. Traditionally, scholars have assumed that this event left Eunice a young widow, but recent research has revealed that the marriage was an abusive one and that before Holcombe died, the couple had already been divorced.〔American Folk Art Museum (2014). (Eunice Pinney: Masonic Mourning Piece for Reverend Ambrose Todd (1981.12.7) ). In ''Collections: Early Works on Paper''. New York: American Folk Art Museum. Retrieved September 2014.〕 Eunice had two children from this marriage: Hector and Sophia Holcombe (Phelps).〔Lipman and Winchester, 1950, p. 24.〕 In 1797, Eunice married Butler Pinney of Windsor (1766-1850). It appears that the couple initially settled in Windsor but relocated to Simsbury, where Eunice had been born, in about 1844. Eunice and Butler had three children: Norman, Viets Griswold and Minerva Emeline (Bright). Minerva also was an artist and taught painting at a school in Virginia for several years before her marriage.〔Lipman and Winchester, 1950, p. 24.〕 Eunice died in Simsbury at the age of 79.
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